Since the year 2000, the governments of South America have been actively engaging in cooperation and dialogue to increase the region’s physical connectivity and make this more sustainable. The aim of the work carried out by the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA) in its first ten years of operations and by the UNASUR’s South American Infrastructure and Planning Council (COSIPLAN) from 2011 onward has been to plan infrastructure projects as a key component in the development of the region.